For example, printed models are especially useful in orthopedics for understanding the anatomy of bones and joints, manufacturing customized orthotics and implants, surgical planning, customized jigs, addressing deformities, teaching, and research. The applications and benefits of these patient-specific, printed models are many. The clinical and industry trend toward 3D viewing of reconstructed images also makes possible creation of 3D printed models from additive manufacturing (AM). In this study, we evaluate the suitability of several commercial packages for use in an introductory learning module intended to introduce BME students to image segmentation, share a description of the developed learning module, and present results from classroom implementation in multiple course settings. Acquisition of these skills is important to make BME undergraduate students more marketable for a variety of professional development opportunities, including summer internships, graduate school, and industry jobs, and would also prove useful in their curriculum for tasks such as obtaining 3D anatomy for design projects or engineering analysis. With recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) digital imaging technology, the need for biomedical engineering (BME) students to learn the basics of extracting specific anatomical features from the images, a process called segmentation, has grown significantly. This stand-alone module provides a low-cost, flexible way to bring the clinical and industry trends combining medical image segmentation, CAD, and 3D printing into the undergraduate BME curriculum.Ĭlinical practice has long used medical images for diagnosis and treatment planning. After completing the developed module based on ITK-SNAP, all students attained sufficient mastery of the image segmentation process to independently apply the technique to extract a new body part from clinical imaging data. ITK-SNAP was identified as the best software package for this application because it is free, easiest to learn, and includes a powerful, semi-automated segmentation tool. This module was implemented in three different engineering courses, impacting more than 150 students, and student achievement of learning goals was assessed. After selecting the package best suited for a stand-alone course module on medical image segmentation, instructional materials were developed that included a general introduction to imaging, a tutorial guiding students through a step-by-step process to extract a skull from a provided stack of CT images, and a culminating assignment where students extract a different body part from clinical imaging data. Five commercially available software packages were evaluated based on their perceived learning curve, ease of use, tools for segmentation and rendering, special tools, and cost: ITK-SNAP, 3D Slicer, OsiriX, Mimics, and Amira. This software may not be redistributed, sold or commercially used in any other way without prior approval of the author.To support recent trends toward the use of patient-specific anatomical models from medical imaging data, we present a learning module for use in the undergraduate BME curriculum that introduces image segmentation, the process of partitioning digital images to isolate specific anatomical features. If you do use this software for scientific research please give appropriate credit in publications. Any other use is entirely at the discretion and risk of the user. YOU CAN ONLY USE OSIRIX AS A REVIEWING AND SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE, NOT FOR PRIMARY DIAGNOSTIC.ĬERTIFIED VERSION OF OSIRIX IS AVAILABLE HERE: OSIRIX MDĪll calculations, measurements and images provided by this software are intended only for scientific research. THIS VERSION OF OSIRIX IS NOT CERTIFIED AS A MEDICAL DEVICE FOR PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS. THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT INTENDED FOR PRIMARY DIAGNOSTIC, ONLY FOR SCIENTIFIC USAGE. YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS AND SOME OF THESE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THESE EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY IN ALL JURISDICTIONS. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NO ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION FROM OR INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS SHALL CREATE A WARRANTY. THE AUTHORS MAKE NO WARRANTIES AS TO PERFORMANCE OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. OSIRIX (“THE SOFTWARE”) IS PROVIDED AS IS.
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